Other Bluetooth Profiles
Bluetooth 1.x and 2.0 specifications provide for several others. More profiles are expected to be added if the technology is accepted by the marketplace as a solution for short-distance cable replacement. Many of the following profiles are still in draft format and are not yet considered to be standards that all Bluetooth vendors […]
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Although the Internet protocol is the second component of the TCP/IP acronym, it is perhaps the more important of the two. IP is the basic protocol in the suite that provides the information used for getting packets from one place to another. IP provides a connectionless, unacknowledged network service, and also provides the addressing mechanism […]
In the IP header you will find the addressing information that is used by routers and other network devices to deliver the packet to its eventual destination.
Version—IP comes in different versions. This 4-bit field is used to store the version of the packet. Currently, IP version 4 is the most widely used version of IP. […]
IP addresses are divided into three major classes (A, B, and C) and two less familiar ones (D and E). Each class uses a different portion of the IP address bits to identify the network. There is a need for classifying networks because there is a need to be able to create networks of different […]
Although most people think of IP as the transport protocol used by higher-level protocols, one of its more important functions is to provide the address space used by the TCP/IP suite. The difficulty of having to create a routing table that consists of hundreds of millions of actual hardware addresses, providing for no built-in organization […]
TCP/IP was built using a layered approach. You may have heard about the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect or Open Systems Interconnection) Reference model that is used mostly as a framework around which a discussion of network protocols can be discussed. Developed in 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), this model defines a protocol […]
Sometimes, different network segments both use the same network ID and are connected by a router or another device. Because ARP uses broadcast packets to resolve IP addresses to hardware addresses, it would appear that computers on different network segments that use the same network ID would never be able to communicate.
Proxy ARP allows for […]
As just discussed, IP provides a logical hierarchical address space that makes routing data from one network to another a simple task. When the datagram arrives at the local subnet, however, another protocol comes into play. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to resolve the IP address to the hardware, to the address of […]
IP protocol is a protocol that can be used to make a best-effort attempt to get a packet from one host to another, even when the hosts are on different networks. The Transmission Control Protocol uses IP but adds functionality that makes TCP a reliable, connection- oriented protocol. Whereas IP doesn’t require any acknowledgment that […]
FTP is used to transfer files between computers. It is a complex protocol that enables the exchange of data files using different methods of data representation and file storage. In its simplest form, FTP uses clear-text username and password exchanges and is not considered to be a very secure utility. FTP was originally created when […]
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Retrieving the Message Header and Body of the Message
Because IMAP must interact with SMTP, it recognizes the SMTP envelope, which consists of the header information and data stored in the email message. There are several states that the protocol goes through when interacting with the IMAP server.
The selected state means that a mailbox has been […]
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