Platforms and Convergence Digital Payment Systems (JEPI)

Posted by arlene

JEPI (Joint Electronic Payment Initiative) is a joint initiative of the W3C and the CommerceNet consortium. The purpose is to allow a server to negotiate, with a client, the payment protocol advantageous to both parties. Membership of the JEPI project includes several suppliers of solutions for secure payments (Cybercash, GCTech), software (Microsof, IBM, OpenMarket), services (BT, VendaMall), and equipment (Xerox, Ericsson). The absence of banking or financial institutions should not be surprising because the envisioned negotiation dialog precedes any contact with the financial world.

In face-to-face commerce, a hypothetical negotiation can take place according to the following scenario:

The customer is ready to pay for purchases and realizes at the cashier’s counter that the seller accepts payments with MasterCard or Visa.

Let us assume that the buyer does not have either of these cards and asks the cashier if it is possible to pay by check.

The cashier responds “yes,” provided the client presents a check-guarantee card; however, the customer does not have such a card.

The customer asks whether it is possible to pay with an American Express card.

The merchant accepts but indicates that the customer will receive a 5% discount if the payment is in cash.

The buyer decides to pay in cash; furthermore, he or she presents a coupon that entitles the buyer to an additional discount.

The vendor, while recognizing the validity of the discount coupon, indicates that it cannot be combined with the discount because of the cash payment. As a gesture of goodwill, the merchant offers points on a fidelity program, for example, miles on an airline of the customer’s choice.

The JEPI project aims to automate some of these steps by proposing choices that may be of interest to the buyer:

1. While the buyer selects from the vendor’s catalog, the JEPI application communicates with the merchant’s server and discovers from the buyer’s profile the five methods the customer prefers.
2. The client’s software sends the purchase order to the merchant’s server;
3. The merchant proposes seven methods of payment with special discounts for use of some of the methods.
4. The JEPI application on the client side selects, from the intersection of the methods of payment, the one that will yield the best price and proposes this solution to the customer.
5. Once the customer’s approval is obtained, the user’s software sends the payment instruction, and the transaction continues along the terms of the selected payment protocol.

To perform the negotiation and selection of the payment instrument, JEPI adds two new protocols on top of HTTP:

• The upper layer is a specialized protocol UPP (Universal Payment Preamble) to negotiate the means of payment, its brand (e.g., Visa, MasterCard), and the security protocol (e.g., SET, CyberCash, KLELine). This layer represents the main contribution of JEPI.
• The lower layer is a general protocol PEP (Protocol Extension Protocol) to negotiate the mode of operation of the selected instrument of payment.

The PEP protocol defines a uniform way to accommodate the various means of payment by extending the capabilities of HTTP. Each PEP extension corresponds to two new header fields that identify the source and the destination of the exchanges between the client and the server. The PEP version had four headers:

• Protocol

• Protocol-Request Protocol-Query Protocol-Info

These headers allow the definition of the type of extension used, request of a specific protocol, querying the available protocols, and supply of information on the protocols. These specifications, however, relate only to payments by bank cards. Several improvements are being considered, such as extension of UPP to payment^sby smart cards, virtual checks, digital money, or micropayment systems, and adaptation to the new methods of payment derived from SET. PEP has been used in the PICS (Platform for Internet Content Selection) project.

Finally, it should be noted that the solution developed in the JEPI project is somewhat limited because the exchanges are not secured, which allows an observer to obtain information on the transaction, even if the payment protocols themselves are secure.

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