Because member and customer data are among the most valuable assets your company has, guaranteeing their security and integrity is critical. Customers want to be sure that information about their preferences and behavior will remain private and won’t end up in the wrong hands. If you can’t give your customers that assurance or control who […]
Spyware, Animation, server, electronic, Computer-Hardware
The automation and dematerialization of monetary exchanges are not objectives per se, but are solely means to improve the productivity of financial institutions. In this regard, an overabundance of standards, and sometimes their competition, may constitute a barrier to the establishment of electronic commerce. Even if some manufacturers think they can profit from this situation, […]
The modern monetary system freed itself of material support by replacing it with a generalized system of trust based on continuous growth. In the past, monetary creation was absolutely limited by the scarcity of materials to be exchanged or of precious metals for minting coins. Now, however, money liberated from a material basis, in particular […]
How Legal Wire tapping Works
CALEA requires that communications providers allow law enforcement officials to be able to listen in on phone conversations and get information about those phone calls, but only when the law enforcement agency has gotten approval for the tap.
The law enforcement agency goes before a judge and presents reasons a wiretap is […]
Throughout the history of the United States, one of the greatest political tensions has been that which balances personal privacy against the need for law enforcement to protect individuals and the country as a whole.
That tension has been with us from the very earliest days of the Republic. The Founding Fathers were extremely cognizant of […]
The introduction of SQL Server 2000 enables us to have multiple instances of SQL Server running on a single machine. In the past we only had one instance of SQL Server, which in SQL Server 2000 is called the Default instance. Now we can have as many named instances as we want. Microsoft has tested […]
Indexes, like triggers, have always been a part of SQL Server but now we have even more features that we can take advantage of when creating indexes.
One of the biggest changes is allowing us to have an index on a computed column. A computed column is the answer from a sum. For example, consider a […]
Design-Software, web-hosting, photo, fonts, language-software
One of the main concerns of network administrators in the 1980s was that any person in the company network could easily install a modem in her computer and connect to computers outside the network. For digital telephone systems, this was not a problem. But for small businesses using an analog telephone system, this could present […]
Cell-Phone, Mobile-Accessory, wallpaper, ringtones
In the IP header you will find the addressing information that is used by routers and other network devices to deliver the packet to its eventual destination.
Version—IP comes in different versions. This 4-bit field is used to store the version of the packet. Currently, IP version 4 is the most widely used version of IP. […]
IP addresses are divided into three major classes (A, B, and C) and two less familiar ones (D and E). Each class uses a different portion of the IP address bits to identify the network. There is a need for classifying networks because there is a need to be able to create networks of different […]
Although most people think of IP as the transport protocol used by higher-level protocols, one of its more important functions is to provide the address space used by the TCP/IP suite. The difficulty of having to create a routing table that consists of hundreds of millions of actual hardware addresses, providing for no built-in organization […]
TCP/IP was built using a layered approach. You may have heard about the OSI (Open Systems Interconnect or Open Systems Interconnection) Reference model that is used mostly as a framework around which a discussion of network protocols can be discussed. Developed in 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), this model defines a protocol […]
Sometimes, different network segments both use the same network ID and are connected by a router or another device. Because ARP uses broadcast packets to resolve IP addresses to hardware addresses, it would appear that computers on different network segments that use the same network ID would never be able to communicate.
Proxy ARP allows for […]
As just discussed, IP provides a logical hierarchical address space that makes routing data from one network to another a simple task. When the datagram arrives at the local subnet, however, another protocol comes into play. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to resolve the IP address to the hardware, to the address of […]