E-mail is qualitatively different from the “snail mail” and fax machines that preceded it in the workplace. First, e-mail is usually connected to the same computer networks that house much of a company’s sensitive information. As a result, an employee can attach anything—from the corporate payroll (to a confidential deal memorandum to your wholesale price [...]
Like E-mail, Web access has many legitimate business uses. But staff access to the Web or other downloads, such as file transfer protocol (FTP), opens up the door to data, software, and documents that can harm the company.
The business risks associated with improper Web use and downloads include serious human resources issues as well. Web [...]
When the message to be encrypted is longer than the block length of the cipher, it is necessary to execute the algorithm several times and to combine the results in some way. The method of combination is called the mode of operation.
Electronic Codebook Mode
In electronic codebook (ECB) mode the encryption algorithm is applied independently to [...]
A public-key certificate is a message containing a public key, a name, and some dates of validity, all signed by the private key of a trusted certificate authority (CA).
Living in the big city like London, space is crowded. Proper car parking space is extremely difficult to find. Leaving my car on the dirty forgotten corner, there is no security guarantee. In the next morning, I felt huge relief if I saw my car was still there. Sometimes unluckily, I got “a big” traffic [...]
It is easy to fall love with the world famous city London. It is quite big city and I got lost several times. I am a stranger here. Several months ago, I moved here.
Most time we are so busy with our life. We don’t even have time to check up the weather at the morning and get wet on the way back home. I know we don’t have time to be squeezed for choosing our garage place. It always ends up with either a bad choice or expensive [...]
Avalon
Longhorn will use a new markup language known as Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML). XAML is similar to HTML in that you can control the layout of text and controls on a page. But it also allows you to add procedural code using languages like C#, Visual Basic.NET, and JScript.Net. The procedural code mixed with [...]
Most companies and organizations today have a Web presence on the Internet. An Internet presence offers numerous business advantages, such as the ability to advertise to a large audience, to interact with customers and partners, and to provide updated information to interested parties.
A private key could be stored very naively on an operating system (OS) by creating a directory on a server and using permissions (NTFS in Windows) to lock access to the directory. The issue is that storing private keys in this way relies on the security of the OS and the network environment itself. Anyone [...]
Certificates and keys, just like drivers’ licenses and credit cards, have a life cycle. Different factors play into the lifecycle of a particular key or certificate. Many things can happen to affect the usable life span of a key—they may become compromised or their certificates may be revoked or destroyed. Certificates also have an expiration [...]
Reactive protocols are designed to minimize routing overhead. Instead of tracking the changes in the network topology to continuously maintain shortest path routes to all destinations, these protocols determine routes only when necessary. Typically, these protocols perform a route discovery operation between the source and the desired destination when the source needs to send a [...]
The use of hybrid routing is an approach that is often used to obtain a better balance between the adaptability to varying network conditions and the routing overhead. These protocols use a combination of reactive and proactive principles, each applied under different conditions, places, or regions. For instance, a hybrid routing protocol may benefit from [...]
Requirement #2: Adaptability
The network should adapt to the existing environment. The environment should not have to be altered to make the system “wireless ready.” For example, if you need a wireless link between a tank level sensor and a data logger, it is not practical to relocate the tank or the data logger just to [...]
Wire Replacement
This is most commonly done with point-to-point or point-to-multipoint technology, but mesh networks still provide complete transparency. The network does not know that copper has been replaced with an RF link, but the mesh network is inherently more reliable, more adaptable, and scalable.
Distributed Control
A specific opportunity for wireless, multi-hop, mesh networks is in distributed [...]
Before looking at these it is worth saying that much can be done about system security which does not involve high-tech methods and tools. The fact that users often choose passwords which are easy to crack, for example passwords which are their family’s names or which are so short they can be cracked by a [...]
Since a distributed system will have, as a given, the fact that data should be shared between users the decision to share an entity such as a relational table is not a decision that is taken by the designer. However, underneath the fact that data is shared are a number of design decisions which can [...]
In 2000, Microsoft announced what is probably its largest software development programme. It was known as .Net and involved configuring many of its products such as Excel, Word, MS Access together with its supported programming languages such as Visual Basic and C++ so that they are seamlessly integrated with the Internet and with each other.
Qualitative content analysis has a long tradition from analysis of texts (notably the Bible) and more recently mass and multimedia productions. This research is often interpretative in nature and is associated with critical, phenomenological, hermeneutic, semiotic, and other forms of qualitative research. Some of these techniques and the rich tradition that accompanies this form of [...]
Website Design Issues
There is a mass of information on factors involved in survey methodology in the context of traditional approaches. At this stage in the development of Web-based surveys, there is very little published research on the factors that will influence design decisions, such as factors affecting response rate, response bias, non-response bias, sincerity of [...]
